El cardenal don Francisco de Solís Folch de Cardona murió en Roma el 12 de abril de 1775. Con una dilatada carrera cortesana y eclesiástica vivió una vida holgada, sus excesos económicos, su tren de vida y sus atenciones a los necesitados fueron las características más relevantes de su personalidad como prelado. Al igual que en Roma, Sevilla celebró solemnes exequias en su memoria, y un año más tarde se depositó su corazón en el convento de capuchinas de Santa Rosalía, (...) como era su deseo. Antes de su último viaje a Italia, en 1766 dejó rubricado un documento con sus últimas voluntades, en él dejaba como heredero universal al deán y cabildo de la catedral de Sevilla, y nombrados a todos sus albaceas, provocando entre ellos una serie de conflictos de difícil solución. El artículo concluye con la aportación de un anexo con la transcripción de una copia del testamento del cardenal don Francisco de Solís Folch y Cardona que solicitó su hermano y albacea, don Alonso de Solís Folch de Cardona, IV duque de Montellano. (shrink)

Resenha OLIVEIRA, David Mesquiati de; TERRA, Kenner Roger Cazotto. Experiência e hermenêutica pentecostal: reflexões e propostas para a construção de uma identidade teológica. Rio de Janeiro: CPAD, 2018, 224p.

La percepción de la vida se vincula a la actitud ante la muerte para abrirse a la experiencia estética en torno al Poema de Mio Cid y a las Coplas de Manrique. Los horizontes simbólicos que brotan de la épica y de la lírica acentúan la figura trágica del héroe, del caballero.

Psychological flexibility is a key concept of acceptation and commitment therapy. This factor has been linked with psychological wellbeing and associated factors, such as quality of life, in cancer patients. These and other positive results of acceptation and commitment therapy in cancer patients found in previous research could be enhanced by using mhealth tools. A three-arm randomized superiority clinical trial, with a pre-post-follow-up repeated measures intergroup design with a 1:1:1 allocation ratio is proposed. A hundred and twenty cancer patients will (...) be randomly assigned to one of the following interventions: face-to-face ACT + mobile application, face-to-face ACT, and Waitlist control group. The primary expected outcome is to observe significant improvements in psychological flexibility acceptance and action questionnaire- II in the face-to-face ACT + app group, after comparing baseline and post-treatment scores, and the scores will remain stable in the two assessment points, 3 and 6 months after the intervention. Secondary expected outcomes are significant increasing scores in quality of life and post-traumatic-growth, and significant decreasing scores in anxiety and depression, insomnia and fatigue at the same assessment points. Also, it is expected that the scores of this group will be higher than the scores of the face-to-face ACT group and the waitlist control group. This study aims to assess the efficacy of a combined intervention for psychological flexibility and associated symptoms in cancer patients. The results of this protocol may help to consider the use of acceptation and commitment therapy and mhealth applications in cancer settings as a valid therapeutic choice.Clinical Trial Registration[www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT05126823]. (shrink)

La cultura esquimal proporciona multitud de ejemplos que ilustran las teorías científicas del complejo mundo animista y shamánico. De hecho, tradicionalmente los esquimales han sido considerados el paradigma ideal de sociedad animista y shamánica junto a algunas otras poblaciones siberianas. Pese a que en repetidas ocasiones se ha afirmado sin tapujos que es un pueblo sin religión, los esquimales poseen un amplísimo repertorio de rituales, ceremonias y festejos que reflejan a la perfección su profundo sentido religioso. La “fiesta de las (...) vejigas” es uno de esos acontecimientos. Los motivos que conducen a su celebración, así como las consecuencias de no llevarlo a cabo, constituyen los tres pilares básicos de la mentalidad religiosa esquimal: la falta, el castigo y la penitencia. (shrink)

Introducción: el uso de la alimentación enteral en pacientes con demencia resulta un desafío ético-clínico. El objetivo de este artículo es exponer el proceso de validación de un cuestionario para conocer la opinión de los médicos al respecto y sus resultados preliminares. Metodología: se desarrolló un cuestionario anónimo para conocer la opinión de médicos acerca del uso de la alimentación enteral, dirigido a especialistas de cuidados paliativos, geriatría, medicina interna y neurología, de los ámbitos público y privado. Se presentaban allí (...) tres casos clínicos de pacientes con demencia en diferente grado de evolución. Las preguntas abordaban cuatro campos específicos: motivaciones del inicio o suspensión de la alimentación enteral, adecuación terapéutica, eutanasia y toma de decisiones. Resultados: se obtuvo un índice de respuesta del 64 %. El cuestionario resultó una herramienta con validez y fiabilidad aceptables. Los especialistas en cuidados paliativos y geriatría eran más propensos a adecuar el esfuerzo terapéutico y a integrar a la familia en las decisiones. Los profesionales de medicina interna y neurología tendían a ser más invasivos en los tratamientos. Conclusión: los resultados obtenidos permiten recomendar el cuestionario como metodología para valorar la actitud de los profesionales ante las cuestiones bioéticas más relevantes en la atención a pacientes con demencia. (shrink)

This paper examines undergraduate business students' perception of corporate social responsibility in cases in which they have not attended any specific course either dealing with CSR or providing training in ethics. A survey was conducted of 535 Spanish business students as future managers. The results show that the stakeholders' perspective deserves a huge attention for those students considering what the keys of business success are. Significant differences in perception were nevertheless identified when a multifactorial analysis was undertaken. Female students are (...) more concerned about CSR issues. The maximization of value for shareholders is less valued by second- and third-year students than by first-year ones. The findings point to a number of important orientations for the future development of university curriculum. (shrink)

The objective of this research is to analyse the ethical problems of Community-Based Tourism. CBT is a novel form of tourism that has appeared in recent decades in different parts of the world, especially in areas with large indigenous populations. The investigations until now have primarily highlighted the virtues of this type of tourism, and the few criticisms that have appeared against cbt were related to its functional shortcomings and the benefits that sometimes do not reach the communities. While the (...) ethical complications associated with the cbt have not gone unnoticed, in this article we address some ethical problems of the cbt that have not received as much attention so far —such as those related to the field of indigenous ethics—, that demand a deep reflection on the commercial use of communities. (shrink)

Ao analisar seu projeto de transvalorar todos os valores, Nietzsche nos mostra que não basta substituir os antigos valores por outros, gerados a partir do mesmo solo que os anteriores; é necessário suprimir o solo mesmo a partir do qual eles foram colocados, para então engendrar novos valores. É na perspectiva dessas duas dimensões de seu pensamento que queremos pensar a educação.

In this article it is defended that the notion known as “The mark of the cognitive” is better characterized as a process that performs the function of generating intelligent behavior, in a flexible and adaptive way, capable of adapting to circumstances, given it is a context sensitive process. For that, some relevant definitions of cognition are examined. In the end, it is pointed out that the definition of the mark of cognition as a context-sensitive process takes into account several factors (...) that were added as constitutive parts of cognitive phenomena over the years, especially the 4E Cognition, which cannot be satisfactorily accommodated alongside the preceding notions of cognition. Accordingly, this essay shouldn’t be mistaken merely as an exercise in intellectual history, but as a brief and accessible attempt to advance the debate. (shrink)

Pode o mestre ensinar algo através da fala? Uma análise sobre as obras De Magistro de Santo Agostinho e Tomás de Aquino Resumo: O presente artigo tem como objetivo investigar nas obras De Magistro de Santo Agostinho e Tomás de Aquino a possibilidade do ensino através da figura do mestre e/ou de um agente externo ao discípulo ou indivíduo. Agostinho defende a tese da qual só Deus ensina e a figura do mestre torna-se apenas como um auxiliador no processo de (...) aprendizagem para a verdade interior do discípulo, tese essa formulada através da sua Teoria da Iluminação. Tomás de Aquino não contradiz completamente Agostinho, mas defende o papel e a importância do mestre sobre o tipo de conhecimento que o mesmo pode fornecer ao discípulo, tendo papel substancial para o processo de aprendizagem para adquirir conhecimento. Ambos se preocupam em que medida o mestre pode ensinar, o que ensina e como ensina, visando compreender como se dá o processo de conhecimento do ser humano o relacionando-o com a verdade das coisas. Palavras-chave: Santo Agostinho; Tomás de Aquino; De Magistro; Ensino; Aprendizagem. Can the master teach something through speech? An analysis of the works De Magistro of Saint Augustine and Thomas Aquinas Abstract: This article aims to investigate in the works De Magistro of Saint Augustine and Thomas Aquinas the possibility of teaching through the figure of the master and / or an external agent to the disciple or individual. Augustine defends the thesis that only God teaches and the figure of the master becomes only as a helper in the learning process for the disciple's inner truth, a thesis formulated through his Theory of Enlightenment. Thomas Aquinas does not completely contradict Augustine, but he defends the role and the importance of the master on the type of knowledge that he can provide to the disciple, having a substantial role in the learning process to acquire knowledge. Both are concerned with the extent to which the master can teach, what he teaches and how he teaches with a view to understanding how the human being's knowledge process takes place, relating it to the truth of things. Keywords: Saint Augustine; Thomas Aquinas; De Magistro; Teaching; Learning. ¿Puede el maestro enseñar algo a través del habla? Un análisis de las obras De Magistro de San Agustín y Tomás de Aquino Resumen: Este artículo tiene como objetivo investigar en las obras De Magistro de Santo Agostinho y Tomás de Aquino la posibilidad de enseñar a través de la figura del maestro y / o de un agente externo al discípulo o individuo. Agustín defiende la tesis de que sólo Dios enseña y la figura del maestro se convierte sólo en un ayudante en el proceso de aprendizaje de la verdad interior del discípulo, tesis formulada a través de su Teoría de la Ilustración. Tomás de Aquino no contradice completamente a Agustín, pero defiende el papel y la importancia del maestro sobre el tipo de conocimientos que puede aportar al discípulo, teniendo un papel sustancial en el proceso de aprendizaje para adquirir conocimientos. Ambos se preocupan por la medida en que el maestro puede enseñar, lo que enseña y cómo enseña, con el objetivo de comprender cómo se produce el proceso de conocimiento del ser humano, relacionándolo con la verdad de las cosas. Palabras-clave: San Agustín; Tomás de Aquino; De Magistro; Enseñando; Aprendizaje. Data de registro: 16/08/2020 Data de aceite: 16/12/2020. (shrink)

The tensorial relativistic quantum mechanics in (1+1) dimensions is considered. Its kinematical and dynamical features are reviewed as well as the problem of finding the Dirac spinor for given finite multivectors. For stationary states, the dynamical tensorial equations, equivalent to the Dirac equation, are solved for a free particle, for a particle inside a box, and for a particle in a step potential.

The Gait Deviation Index is a multivariate measure of overall gait pathology based on 15 gait features derived from three-dimensional kinematic data. GDI aims at providing a comprehensive, easy to interpret, and clinically meaningful metric of overall gait function. It has been used as an outcome measure to study gait in several conditions: cerebral palsy, post-stroke hemiparetic gait, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and Parkinson’s disease, among others. Nevertheless, its use in population with Spinal Cord Injury has not been studied yet. The (...) aim of the present study was to investigate the applicability of the GDI to SCI through the assessment of the relationship of the GDI with the Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury II. 3D gait kinematics of 34 patients with incomplete SCI was obtained. Besides, 3D gait kinematics of a sample of 50 healthy volunteers was also gathered with Codamotion motion capture system. A total of 302 and 446 strides were collected. GDI was calculated for each stride and grouped for each WISCI II level. HV data were analyzed as an additional set. Normal distribution for each group was assessed with Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. Afterward, ANOVA tests were performed between each pair of WISCI II levels to identify differences among groups. The results showed that the GDI was normally distributed across all WISCI II levels in both iSCI and HV groups. Furthermore, our results showed an increasing relationship between the GDI values and WISCI II levels in subjects with iSCI, but only discriminative in WISCI II levels 13, 19, and 20. The index successfully distinguished HV group from all the individuals with iSCI. Findings of this study indicated that the GDI is not an appropriate multivariate walking metric to represent the deviation of gait pattern in adult population with iSCI from a normal gait profile when it is compared with the levels of walking impairment described by the WISCI II. Future work should aim at defining and validating an overall gait index derived from 3D kinematic gait variables appropriate for SCI, additionally taking into account other walking ability outcome measures. (shrink)

RESUMEN Fundamento: La asignatura Atención Integral a la Población, se imparte durante el quinto año de la carrera de Estomatología. Objetivo: Exponer los criterios de los estudiantes, egresados y profesores respecto al proceso docente educativo de la asignatura Atención Integral a la Población. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación educacional observacional-descriptiva transversal en la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey, desarrollada desde septiembre 2015 a octubre 2017.El universo estuvo constituido por 63 estudiantes del quinto año, 90 (...) egresados del curso 2015-2016 y 14 profesores. Fueron utilizados métodos de investigación educacional cualitativos. Resultados: Los estudiantes, en la totalidad, percibieron que la asignatura influye en su formación como futuro profesional de la Estomatología, refirieron sentirse desorientados en cuestiones referidas a la distribución de contenidos, mientras que los profesores reconocieron la necesidad de determinar los temas, objetivos, sistema de conocimientos y habilidades para lograr una uniformidad en el trabajo sistemático y la evaluación frecuente en las diferentes sedes universitarias, los estudiantes carecen de una guía para realizar el estudio independiente; con vistas al examen final de la asignatura y estatal que contenga un plan de temas organizados y reúna los conocimientos esenciales a estudiar. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico develó que los estudiantes, egresados y profesores coincidieron en la necesidad de la consolidación de conocimientos, adquisición de habilidades y la interdisciplinariedad, así como la orientación del estudio independiente para el examen final de la asignatura y estatal. ABSTRACT Basis: Comprehensive assistance to the Community subject is taught in 5th -year Dentistry Career. Objective: to set out opinions of the students, graduated and professors about the teaching learning process of Comprehensive assistance to the Community subject. Methods: A transversal descriptive-observational educational research was carried out in the Dentistry faculty in the University of Medical Sciences in Camaguey, from September 2015 to October 2017. The universe was composed by 63 5th -year Dentistry students, 90 graduated of the 2015-2016 academic year and 14 professors from the teaching staff. Qualitative educational research methods were used. Results: All the students realized that the subject has an influence on the future professional training in Dentistry. They referred to be confused about the contents distribution, while the professors recognize the necessity to determine the topics, objectives, set of knowledge and skills in order to achieve uniformity in the systematic job and the common evaluation. The students do not have a guide to do their independent study taking into account the final exam. Conclusions: The diagnostic revealed that students, graduated and professors agreed in the necessity to reinforce knowledge, skills acquisition, and interdisciplinary, as well as independent study guidelines for the final exam in Dentistry. (shrink)

Quality of language comprehension determines performance in all kinds of activities including academics. Processing of words initially develops as auditory, and gradually extends to visual as children learn to read. School failure is highly related to listening and reading comprehension problems. In this study we analyzed sex-differences in comprehension of texts in Spanish in three modalities presented to 12–14-years old students, native in Spanish. We controlled relevant cognitive variables such as attention, phonological and semantic fluency and speed of processing. Girls’ (...) comprehension was similar in the three modalities of presentation, however boys were importantly benefited by dual-modality as compared to boys exposed only to visual or auditory text presentation. With respect to the relation of text comprehension and school performance, students with low grades in Spanish showed low auditory comprehension. Interestingly, visual and dual modalities preserved comprehension levels in these low skilled students. Our results suggest that the use of visual-text support during auditory language presentation could be beneficial for low school performance students, especially boys, and encourage future research to evaluate the implementation in classes of the rapidly developing technology of simultaneous speech transcription, that could be, in addition, beneficial to non-native students, especially those recently incorporated into school or newly arrived in a country from abroad. (shrink)

Bureaucratic selectivity mechanisms are the true colours of welfare states, stigmatising benefit recipients while hampering their trust in institutions and society at large. Universal policies such as the Universal Basic Income could protect recipients’ trust by circumventing selectivity paraphernalia. By analysing regressions on the Finnish UBI experiment’s survey data, we assess the links from policy selectivity to trust in the benefit-providing institution and generalised trust through the pathway of reduced bureaucratic experience. More specifically, we analyse whether receipt of UBI leads (...) to greater trust directly or while accompanied by an actual or perceived reduction in bureaucracy. According to our results, UBI is accompanied by greater trust, while selectivity does not necessarily lead to less trust or perception of less bureaucracy. However, in our analysis, policy selectivity did not directly correlate to recipients’ reported bureaucratic experiences, and their relationship with trust proved tricky: selectivity did not risk recipients’ trust in the policy-implementing institution, but generalised trust in other people was lowered. Thus, selective benefit recipients might be prone to self-inflicted stigma, hampering their trust in other people, regardless of actual bureaucratic experiences or trust in the welfare system. (shrink)

Actualment en Filosofia, tenim dues caracteritzacions canóniques sobre la naturalesa de la Metafísica, la carnapiana i la quineana, tot i que són dues tesis diferenciades, ambdues coincideixen en que la Metafísica és reduïda a qüestions d'existència. No obstant, Kathrin Koslicki considera que aquestes caracteritzacions de la naturalesa de la Metafísica són errònies i que comporten una crítica explícita a la Metafísica o redueixen la resolució dels problemes metafísics a un pragmatisme. Per això, Koslicki considerant que els desacords metafísics són legítims (...) i profunds, tenint com a marc de referència la filosofia aristotèlica, considera que la tesi quineana i carnapiana no reflecteixen bé la naturalesa de la Metafísica, ja que, hi ha disputes metafísiques que es deuen a disputes no-existencials sobre temes de fonamentabilitat. Koslicki considera que la Metafísica no pot ésser reduïda a qüestions d'existència, sinó que ha de ser pensada com la reflexió de quines entitats són fonamentals, i quines són derivades d'aquestes. L'article està dividit en una primera part introductòria sobre els meus objectius, seguit d'una breu exposició de les tesis carnapiana i quineana de la metafísica, i per últim l'exposició de la proposta neo-aristotèlica de Koslicki. (shrink)

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar el tema de la espiritualidad, una de las tesis más polémicas dentro del pensamiento de Gilbert Simondon. Planteamos la espiritualidad a partir de la obra más conocida de Simondon, El modo de existencia de los objetos técnicos (MEOT) , así como de la última parte de su obra capital La individuación a la luz de las nociones de forma e información (ILFI) , junto con el curso Imagination et invention . Se argumenta que (...) la espiritualidad emerge de la relación del individuo con otros individuos y con el mundo, es decir, la transindividualidad, fase que atraviesa la composición de un sistema de relaciones que se extiende más allá de la percepción humana, bajo la forma de puntos claves. En otras palabras, intentamos mostrar cierto vínculo entre lo transindividual en ILFI y los puntos-clave en MEOT . El artículo ofrece una breve introducción al autor y su obra, describe el sistema afectivo-emotivo que Jung descubrió en su análisis del subconsciente, para abordar el tema de la espiritualidad bajo la égida del mundo mágico primitivo, realizado a través de ciertos enfoques Mircea Eliade. El plano de la cultura es discutido desde la individuación psíquica colectiva. (shrink)

There is increasing interest in determining what impact having women in management positions may have on corporate social responsibility initiatives. Various authors suggest that gender equality practices should be factored into the broader framework of CSR. This paper examines how the presence of women on corporate boards, in top and middle management and as heads of CSR departments, influences gender equality practices in the field of CSR. Using information collected from companies that have signed up to Women's Empowerment Principles in (...) Spain, we show that the presence of women in the aforesaid posts has a positive impact on CSR activities with gender equality objectives. We thus supplement the justice, business and moral arguments with further arguments in support of the incorporation of women into not only corporate boards but all management positions. Finally, we provide a view of how gender equality can be included in the broader framework of CSR. (shrink)

Este artículo reflexiona sobre algunas facetas de la descalificación al pensamiento libre, en paralelo a las inequidades de género. Se ejemplifica con la persecución a mujeres en distintas épocas a las que el poder destruyó, de un modo análogo a como la codicia del poder destruye la naturaleza. Realza el artículo la existencia de una diversidad de saberes, para los que se requieren puertas abiertas, superando los cerrojos excluyentes, cruzando los muros de la inequidad de género, de las injusticias sociales (...) y de los atropellos por razones étnicas y otras, y las actitudes destructoras de la naturaleza y de las culturas. (shrink)

La Teoría de la Computación es un campo especialmente rico para la indagación filosófica. EI debate sobre el mecanicismo y la discusión en torno a los fundamentos de la matemática son tópicos que estan directamente asociados a la Teoria de la Computación desde su misma creación como disciplina independiente. La Tesis de Turing-Church constituye uno de los resultados mas característicos en este campo estando, además, lleno de consecuencias filosóficas. En este ensayo se ofrece una guía de referencia útil a aquellos (...) que desean prestar alguna atención a estos asuntos y carecen de la base técnica o histórica que se precisa. En primer lugar se ofrece un resurnen de los principales problemas relacionados con la Tesis de Turing-Church para ofrecer a continuación información sobre sus aspectos más controvertidos. Se proponen algunos problemas no resueltos y se analiza su relevancia filosófica.Computer Science is a field specially rich for philosophical inquiry. Mechanism and the discussion around foundations of mathematics are topics directly asociated to Computer Science for its very constitution as an independent discipline. Church-Turing Thesis is one of the most characteristic results in this field and is plenty of philosophical consequences. In this article I offer a referenee guide useful for those who are willing to pay some attention to these matters and ignore the technical and historical basis needed for this task. I resume the main topics related to Church-Turing Thesis and give some informationabout the most controversial aspects of this subject. Some open questions are settled for further investigation paying special attention to their philosophical importance. (shrink)